Twenty-first century education is subject to various changes. Their goal is to adapt the learning process to the dynamic conditions of social life. The theoretical foundation of these changes is to diversify and increase the flexibility of the process of education and individualization of work with the students. Theoretical principles of shaping the twenty-first century style of education refer to philosophical reflection. The dilemma of modern education is, therefore, choosing the right philosophy. Although the change in the learning process – guided by the principle already derived from pragmatism, existentialism and postmodernism. But the goal of education – shaped by these philosophies – is only to prepare students to compete in a changing labor market and education to participate in social life, functioning according to the rules of democracy. It is thus important to try to rebuild the process of teaching – learning in the light of philosophy, the principles will be used to the fact that the man will be "more human" and not only reduced to a producers or a consumers.