Subject of research: In a modern political discourse the idea of state security is strictly connected with human rights protection. This relation must inevitably lead to the conflict between the prerogatives of an individual and those of the state. Modern democratic states are considered to guarantee the security of their citizens. In the course of the evolution of the theory and practice of the politics this paradigm has often been modified. In a classic debate on the relations between human rights and the state security the question of the limitations of a state’s intervention in the name of its internal security arises. At the global level the inclination of improvement and reinforcement of national security and control at the cost of liberties of citizens can be observed. Purpose of the research: The issue has been analysed to indicate controversies between the prerogatives of an individual and those concerning the state. Methods: The work is based on normative considerations and exegesis of legal resources and Strasburg rulings. The intermediate stage of the research involves doctrinal and axiological analysis.