Abstract. Characteristics of epidemics and bioterrorism threat in the urban area of Olsztyn. Contemporary terrorism is based on the desire to catch the attention and to maximize the number of victims. Terrorists use new unconventional methods, which include chemical, biological and radioactive substances. Since the Polish Army has been sent to Iraq and Afghanistan the risk of terrorist attack in Poland has largely increased. According to the Centre for Disease Control in Atlanta we can distinguish three groups of bioterrorist factors. The factors from Group A cause high morbidity and mortality. This group consists of pox virus genuine, tularemia, anthrax, etc. The main purpose of this work is to give an overview of the risk of an epidemiological and bioterrorist threats which can occur in the Olsztyn agglomeration. This work also describes the procedures which are implemented after occurrence of the threats mentioned above. Any actions taken against epidemiological threat are lead by the National Regional Sanitary Inspector who cooperates with Crisis Response Center, Police, Fireguards and medical services. It is important to point out that there is a strong need to prepare and continuously improve the procedures of cooperation in this matter.