A safe school which gives equal opportunities is a desirable model of a learning institution in Polish education system. It’s a place where young people have guaranteed not only safe and hygienic surroundings, but also a friendly atmosphere to learn and play. They can develop there their interests and provide cultural and sporty lifestyle. To build a safe school with equal opportunities, we must analyze educational legislation, current legal conditions and development challenges in three areas: • formation of social cohesion and reducing exclusion, • creating friendly - safe and hygienic infrastructural and social conditions, • preventing addictions, aggression and violence among teenagers. In the first area we should most definitely work against discrimination caused by poverty and disabilities. Safe educational conditions depend on the role of teachers throughout the school system and stimulate changes in the learning programs. For example, the authorities in Poland introduced a new subject in secondary schools called ‘safety education’. The challenges faced by teachers are certainly students’ truancy and educational neglect among pupils, especially connected with alcohol, smoking and drug addictions. A new problem is n school age prostitution, unfortunately increasingly popular among teenagers. This study shows all the factors affecting school safety. I have analyzed also the legal and factual social circumstances of this range.